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</topic><topic id="http://tesjmu.stm.jus.br/tesjmu/vocab/?tema=1936"><instanceOf><topicRef xlink:href="#term"/></instanceOf><baseName><baseNameString>CRIANÇA</baseNameString></baseName>  <occurrence>    <instanceOf>      <topicRef xlink:href="#scope-note"/>    </instanceOf><baseName><baseNameString><![CDATA[ <p>Segundo o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Lei nº 8. 069, de 13 de julho de 1990: </p>
<p>“Art. 2º Considera-se <strong>criança</strong>, para os efeitos desta Lei, a pessoa até doze anos de idade incompletos, e adolescente aquela entre doze e dezoito anos de idade.”</p>
<p>Desde que o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) entrou em vigor, o termo menor é considerado inapropriado para designar crianças e adolescentes, pois tem sentido pejorativo. As organizações dedicadas a causa da infância e adolescência consideram que o termo reproduz e endossa de forma subjetiva discriminações e postura de exclusão social que remete ao extinto Código de Menores.</p>
<p>O Estatuto adota a doutrina de proteção integral à criança e o adolescente e, por isso, mudou radicalmente a orientação dada ao atendimento à população infanto-juvenil em relação à legislação anterior (o Código de Menores), que possuía caráter repressor.</p>
<p>[Fonte: ANDI - Comunicação e Direitos - Glossário]</p> ]]></baseNameString></baseName>  </occurrence></topic>  <association>    <instanceOf>      <topicRef xlink:href="#related-terms"/>    </instanceOf>    <member>      <roleSpec>  <topicRef xlink:href="#related-term"/>      </roleSpec>      <topicRef xlink:href="#http://tesjmu.stm.jus.br/tesjmu/vocab/?tema=903"/>    </member>    <member>      <roleSpec>  <topicRef xlink:href="#related-term"/>      </roleSpec>      <topicRef xlink:href="#http://tesjmu.stm.jus.br/tesjmu/vocab/?tema=1936"/>    </member>  </association>  <association>    <instanceOf>      <topicRef xlink:href="#related-terms"/>    </instanceOf>    <member>      <roleSpec>  <topicRef xlink:href="#related-term"/>      </roleSpec>      <topicRef xlink:href="#http://tesjmu.stm.jus.br/tesjmu/vocab/?tema=1193"/>    </member>    <member>      <roleSpec>  <topicRef xlink:href="#related-term"/>      </roleSpec>      <topicRef 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